Data Sources

Every figure on Winography comes from one of the sources below. Where a source publishes its dataset openly, the label links to it.

• Anderson, Nelgen & Puga

  Anderson, K., Nelgen, S. & Puga, G., Global Wine Markets, 1835 to 2023

  Wine Economics Research Centre, University of Adelaide

  Production, vine area, trade and consumption figures

• Puga et al., OENO One 2022

  Puga, G. et al., OENO One, 2022

  Derived from TerraClimate climate normals

  Appellation climate normals

• VIVC

  Vitis International Variety Catalogue

  Julius Kühn-Institut

  Grape variety identities and synonyms

Last updated: 24 July 2026