Merlot is a red wine grape known for producing medium to full-bodied wines with flavors of black cherry, plum, and chocolate. It is widely cultivated throughout the world and is particularly associated with Bordeaux and California. Merlot is often used as a blending grape. It is valued for its soft, velvety texture and low tannins.

Cabernet Franc is a red wine grape associated with Bordeaux and Loire Valley. It produces elegant, complex wines with flavors of dark fruit, tobacco, and spice. Cabernet Franc is a parent grape of Cabernet Sauvignon and used as a blending grape. It ripens earlier than Cabernet Sauvignon, suitable for cooler climates.

Cabernet Sauvignon is a popular red wine grape known for producing full-bodied, rich wines with flavors of black currant, blackberry, and cedar. It is particularly associated with Bordeaux, California, and Australia. The grapes have a thick skin, which provides high tannins and a long aging potential.

Grenache is a red wine grape that is widely grown in Spain, France, and Australia. It produces wines with flavors of raspberry, strawberry, and black pepper. It is valued for its ability to produce medium to full-bodied wines with soft tannins and high alcohol content. Grenache is also used to produce rosé wines.

Malbec, also known as Côt, is a red wine grape primarily grown in the Cahors region of southwestern France and in Argentina. It produces inky, deep-colored wines with flavors of plum, black cherry, and chocolate. It is valued for its ability to produce full-bodied and tannic wines with good aging potential.

Mourvèdre, also known as Monastrell, is a red wine grape primarily grown in Spain and France. It produces rich, full-bodied wines with flavors of black fruit, chocolate, and leather. Monastrell is often blended with other grape varieties. It is valued for its ability to produce deeply colored wines with high tannins and good aging potential.

Pinot Noir is most commonly associated with Burgundy, France. The grape prefers cooler climates and is known for its thin skin, susceptibility to disease, and sensitivity to weather conditions. The wine is typically light to medium-bodied, with a pale color and high acidity. It is sometimes used to produce rosé wine, sparkling wine, and fortified wine.

Sangiovese is a red wine grape primarily grown in central Italy. It produces medium to full-bodied wines with flavors of cherry, strawberry, and earth. Sangiovese is the primary grape used in Chianti and is often blended with other grape varieties. It is valued for its high acidity and ability to age well.

Syrah, also known as Shiraz, is a red wine grape known for producing full-bodied wines with flavors of black fruit, pepper, and smoked meat. It is widely cultivated throughout the world and is particularly associated with France, Australia, and California. It is valued for its ability to produce wines with high tannins and good aging potential.

Tempranillo is a red wine grape primarily grown in Spain, where it is used to produce some of the country's most famous wines, including Rioja and Ribera del Duero. It produces medium to full-bodied wines with flavors of red fruit, leather, and tobacco. It is valued for its ability to produce wines with good acidity, moderate tannins, and good aging potential.

Airén is a white wine grape primarily grown in Spain, where it is used to produce light, dry wines. It is widely cultivated throughout the country and is valued for its ability to thrive in hot, dry climates. Airén is often blended with other grape varieties but is also bottled as a single varietal wine.

Cayetana Blanca is a white wine grape primarily grown in Spain, where it is used to produce light, crisp wines with flavors of citrus and green apple. It is often blended with other grape varieties but is also bottled as a single varietal wine.

Chardonnay is a white wine grape known for producing a wide range of styles, from light and crisp to full-bodied and oaky. It is widely cultivated throughout the world and is particularly associated with Burgundy and California. Chardonnay is often bottled as a single varietal wine but is also used in blends.

Chenin Blanc is a white wine known for its high acidity and versatile flavor profile. It can range from dry to sweet and has notes of honey, apple, and citrus. The wine is grown primarily in the Loire Valley of France, but is also produced in South Africa and California. Chenin Blanc pairs well with a variety of foods including seafood, poultry, and spicy dishes.

Macabeo, also known as Viura, is a white wine grape primarily grown in Spain, where it is used to produce light, dry wines with flavors of lemon and green apple. Macabeo is often blended with other grape varieties but is also bottled as a single varietal wine.

Riesling is a white wine grape primarily grown in Germany, where it is used to produce a wide range of styles, from dry to sweet. It is also grown in other cool-climate regions around the world, including Austria, France, and the United States. Riesling is often bottled as a single varietal wine but is also used in blends.

Rkatsiteli is a white wine grape primarily grown in Georgia, where it is used to produce light, crisp wines with flavors of green apple and citrus. It is often blended with other grape varieties but is also bottled as a single varietal wine.

Sauvignon Blanc is a white wine grape known for producing light, crisp wines with flavors of green apple, grapefruit, and grass. It is widely cultivated throughout the world and is particularly associated with the Loire Valley and New Zealand. Sauvignon Blanc is often bottled as a single varietal wine but is also used in blends.

Trebbiano, also known as Ugni Blanc, is a white wine grape primarily grown in Italy and France, where it is used to produce light, dry wines with flavors of lemon and herbs. Trebbiano is often blended with other grape varieties but is also bottled as a single varietal wine.

Pinot Gris, also known as Pinot Grigio, is a white wine grape known for producing light, crisp wines with flavors of citrus and pear. It is widely cultivated throughout the world and is particularly associated with Italy and Oregon. Pinot Gris is often bottled as a single varietal wine but can also used in blends. Sometimes it is classified as a 'grey' grape variety, given its origin as a mutation of Pinot Noir.

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